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Battle of Pequawket
The Battle of Pequawket (also known as Lovewell's Fight) occurred on May 9, 1725 (O.S.),〔The date of the battle is given variously as Saturday 8 May or Sunday 9 May. Contemporary official accounts used the date 9 May but early newspapers and pamphlets published the date as 8 May. Eckstorm (1936) wrote an account about the discrepancy blaming Thomas Symmes, the earliest recounter of the battle, for falsifing the date to protect the Frye family from the infamy of Jonathan Frye, the expedition's chaplain, taking a scalp on the sabbath. Kayworth and Potvin (pp. 181−85) summarize Eckstorm's paper. The date is also given in the Old Style (O.S.) When the British changed the calendar to the New Style (N.S.) in 1742 dates were transformed to be 11 days later (i.e. 19 or 20 May).〕 during Father Rale's War in northern New England. Captain John Lovewell led a privately organized company of scalp hunters, organized into a makeshift ranger company, and Chief Paugus led the Abenaki at Pequawket,〔Among the variant spellings of Pequawket that can be found in historical documents are: Pegwacket, Pequackett, Pequakett, Pequawket, Pequauquauke, Pequawkett and Pigwacket. Evans (pp. 119−25) lists 68 variants.〕 the site of present-day Fryeburg, Maine. The battle was related to the expansion of New England settlements along the Kennebec River (in present-day Maine).
The battle was the last major engagement between the English and the Wabanaki Confederacy in Governor Dummer's War. The Fight was celebrated in song and story for at least several generations and became an important part of regional lore—even influencing the stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne in the early 19th century as well as other writers. Its importance is often exaggerated in local histories, as arguably the August 1724 English raid on Norridgewock was probably more significant for the direction of the conflict and in bringing the Abenaki to the treaty table. But the Norridgewock raid, also celebrated in song and poetry, has been less well remembered, probably because it was essentially a massacre of Indian civilians by New England forces.〔http://www.kancamagushighway.com/history/〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Indian Heritage of New Hampshire and Northern New England )〕
== Historical context of Dummer's War ==
The Treaty of Utrecht (1713), which ended Queen Anne's War, had facilitated the expansion of New England settlement. The treaty, however, had been signed in Europe and had not involved any tribes of the native's Wabanaki Confederacy. Since they had not been consulted, they protested this incursion into their lands by conducting raids on British fishermen and settlements.〔William Wicken. "Mi'kmaq Decisions: Antoine Tecouenemac, the Conquest, and the Treaty of Utrecht". in John Reid et al (eds). ''The Conquest of Acadia, 1710: Imperial, Colonial and Aboriginal Constructions.'' University of Toronto Press. 2004. p. 96〕 For the first and only time, Wabanaki would fight New Englanders and the British on their own terms and for their own reasons and not principally to defend French imperial interests.〔William Wicken, p. 96〕 In response to Wabanaki hostilities toward the expansion, the Governor of Nova Scotia, Richard Philipps, built a fort in traditional Mi'kmaq territory at Canso, Nova Scotia in 1720, and Massachusetts Governor Samuel Shute built forts on traditional Abenaki territory at the mouth of the Kennebec River. The French claimed the same territory on the Kennebec River by building churches in the Abenaki villages of Norridgewock and Medoctec further upriver.〔John Grenier. ''The Far Reaches of Empire''. University of Oklahoma Press. 2008. p. 51, p. 54)〕 These fortifications escalated the conflict.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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